From the 1950s until the present, the state has aided
in the development and strengthening of Political Islam. Policies based on the Turkish-Islamic
synthesis implemented against the left, minorities, and Kurds, particularly
between March 12 and September 12, resulted in the fast rise and strengthening
of political Islam. Throughout this era, Islamic money made large economic
investments that aided its political activities via capital transfers.
Political Islam became a prominent power in politics by making unprecedented
use of religion's social impact, bringing its doctrinal orientation to all
sectors of state and social life. Political Islam's power originates from the
system's relationships between state, society, and politics. Four elements have
contributed to the rise of political Islam in Turkey. The first is the loss of
secularism; Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Turkey's founding father, was a strong
secularist who strove to construct a modern, Western-oriented society. However,
secularism has diminished in Turkey throughout time, and there has been a
rebirth of Islamic identity. The second factor is the expansion of the Muslim
Brotherhood, a multinational Islamic organisation formed in Egypt in 1928.
Since the 1960s, the Muslim Brotherhood has been active in Turkey, and it has
played a significant role in the emergence of political Islam in the nation. The
third example is the 1970s economic crisis, which resulted in widespread
unhappiness with the secular administration. This discontent opened the door
for political Islam, which provided a more appealing message of social justice
and economic equality. The final example is the establishment of the Justice
and Development Party (AKP): the AKP is a conservative political party created
in 2001. The AKP has effectively combined Islamic beliefs with Western-style
democracy. As a result, the AKP has become a popular choice among many Turkish
voters, and it has aided the cause of political Islam in Turkey. Political
Islam's growth in Turkey has had a tremendous influence on the country's
politics and society. The AKP has emerged as the main political party in
Turkey, enacting a variety of measures that reflect its Islamic worldview.
These policies include alcohol and gambling bans, greater support for religious
education, and a more robust Middle Eastern foreign policy. Secularists and
liberals have also expressed opposition to the emergence of political Islam in
Turkey. These groups say that the AKP is attempting to Islamize Turkey, which
they worry would lead to the country's secularism and democracy eroding. Here
are concerning the evolution of political Islam in Turkey:
- The National Salvation Party (MSP), formed in 1972, was Turkey's first significant Islamic political party. The MSP received a large number of votes in the 1970s, but it was outlawed by the military in 1980.
- The Welfare Party (RP) was established in 1983 as the MSP's successor. In the 1990s, the RP received a considerable number of votes, and it became the second-largest party in the Turkish parliament in 1995. In 1997, the military likewise prohibited the use of the RP.
- As a successor to the RP, the Justice and Development Party (AKP) was created in 2001. The AKP has been in power since 2002 and has been able to enact a variety of Islamic-inspired policies without being barred from doing so.
Şevval ARSLAN
KAYNAKÇA
Akyeşilmen, Nezir - Arif Behiç Özcan, Islamic Movements and Their Role In Politics In Turkey, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2014, sayı: 31, s. 29-38
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